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<p><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">1.Tomcat 6多应用的Context配置</span></strong> </p> <p>tomcat 5,6关于context的配置不同于tomcat 4，不推荐在server.xml中进行配置，在context.xml文件中进行配置才是更好的方法。回想以前所有的项目都是在server.xml中配置context的，每次部署一个新的应用或者修改context内容都要重新启动tomcat，导致应用总是要中断服务一小段时间，比较不方便，而且多个context都在server.xml中，显得有些杂乱。于是决定使用在context.xml中进行配置应用的方式。在tomcat_home/conf目录下有一个context..xml文件，修改其中内容之后，tomcat 能够自动reload所有的应用。<br>但是tomcat是不支持在一个context.xml中配置多个不同应用的。在项目工程用下面的META-INF文件夹下建立context.xml文件就可以满足应用的定制需求。具体路径就是：tomcat_home/webapps/yourApp/META-INF/context.xml，这样每个应用都可以拥有各自的配置，修改了该文件中的内容，tomcat可以自动重新装载该应用，非常的方便。下面是一个可以自动重新装载servlet和javabean（方便debug），带有数据库连接池(以Oracle为例)的context.xml文件内容：</p> <p></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><br><Context reloadable="true" crossContext="true"><br><!-- Default set of monitored resources --><br><WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><!-- Uncomment this to disable session persistence across Tomcat restarts --></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><br><!--<br> <Manager pathname="" /><br>--></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><br><Resource name="jdbc/myoracle" auth="Container"<br> type="javax.sql.DataSource"<br> driverClassName="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"<br> url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:mysid"<br> username="scott"<br> password="tiger"<br> maxActive="20"<br> maxIdle="10"<br> maxWait="-1"/><br><Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"<br> prefix="localhost_DBTest_log." suffix=".txt" timestamp="true" /><br></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"<br> prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="common" /></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><br></Context></p> <p></p> <p><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>2.热部署</strong></span></p> <p>1.找到 server.xml,这个文件在 %catalina_home%/conf下</p> <p>2.再找到文件:</p> <p><Host><Context path="/" docBase="D:/Workspace6.6/Mywork/WebRoot" <span style="color: #ff00ff;">reloadable="true"</span> ></Context></host></p> <p>3.保存重启</p> <p><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">3.APR</span></strong></p> <p>许多朋友可能在启动tomcat的时候都会看到类似这样的信息：</p> <div class="dp-highlighter"> <div class="bar"> <div class="tools">Java代码 <a title="复制代码" href="http://www.javaeye.com/topic/145770"><img src="http://www.javaeye.com/images/icon_copy.gif" alt="复制代码"></a> </div> </div> <ol class="dp-j"> <li>org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListenerinit </li> <li>信息:TheApacheTomcatNativelibrarywhichallowsoptimalperformanceinproductionenvironmentswasnotfoundonthejava.library.path:C:/Java/jre/bin;.;C:/WINDOWS/Sun/Java/bin;C:/WINDOWS/system32;C:/WINDOWS</li> </ol> </div> <pre class="java" style="display: none;">org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init 信息: The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: C:/Java/jre/bin;.;C:/WINDOWS/Sun/Java/bin;C:/WINDOWS/system32;C:/WINDOWS</pre> <p><br>出现这种情况是这表示没有找到APR </p> <p></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">使用APR提高Tomcat性能</span></strong></p> <p></p> <p>Tomcat可以使用APR来提供超强的可伸缩性和性能，更好地集成本地服务器技术. <br>APR(Apache Portable Runtime)是一个高可移植库，它是Apache HTTP Server 2.x的核心。APR有很多用途，包括访问高级IO功能(例如sendfile,epoll和OpenSSL)，OS级别功能(随机数生成，系统状态等等)，本地进程管理(共享内存，NT管道和UNIX sockets)。这些功能可以使Tomcat作为一个通常的前台WEB服务器，能更好地和其它本地web技术集成，总体上让Java更有效率作为一个高性能web服务器平台而不是简单作为后台容器。<br><br>在产品环境中，特别是直接使用Tomcat做WEB服务器的时候，应该使用Tomcat Native来提高其性能<br><br>要测APR给tomcat带来的好处最好的方法是在慢速网络上（模拟Internet），将Tomcat线程数开到300以上的水平，然后模拟一大堆并发请求。如果不配APR，基本上300个线程狠快就会用满，以后的请求就只好等待。但是配上APR之后，并发的线程数量明显下降，从原来的300可能会马上下降到只有几十，新的请求会毫无阻塞的进来。<br>在局域网环境测，就算是400个并发，也是一瞬间就处理/传输完毕，但是在真实的Internet环境下，页面处理时间只占0.1%都不到，绝大部分时间都用来页面传输。如果不用APR，一个线程同一时间只能处理一个用户，势必会造成阻塞。所以生产环境下用apr是非常必要的。</p> <p><br>简要解决办法：去 <a href="http://tomcat.heanet.ie/native/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #006699;">http://tomcat.heanet.ie/native/</span></a> 下载编译好的tcnative-1.dll文件，目前最新为1.1.14,拷贝至jdk/bin下，再启动就可以成功加载APR了。</p> <div class="dp-highlighter"> <div class="bar"> <div class="tools">Java代码 <a title="复制代码" href="http://www.javaeye.com/topic/145770"><img src="http://www.javaeye.com/images/icon_copy.gif" alt="复制代码"></a> </div> </div> <ol class="dp-j"> <li>org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListenerinit </li> <li>信息:LoadedApacheTomcatNativelibrary<span class="number"><span style="color: #c00000;">1.1</span></span>.<span class="number"><span style="color: #c00000;">14</span></span>. </li> <li>org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListenerinit </li> <li>信息:APRcapabilities:IPv6[<span class="keyword"><strong><span style="color: #7f0055;">false</span></strong></span>],sendfile[<span class="keyword"><strong><span style="color: #7f0055;">true</span></strong></span>],acceptfilters[<span class="keyword"><strong><span style="color: #7f0055;">false</span></strong></span>],random[<span class="keyword"><strong><span style="color: #7f0055;">true</span></strong></span>].</li> </ol> </div> <pre class="java" style="display: none;">org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init 信息: Loaded Apache Tomcat Native library 1.1.14. org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init 信息: APR capabilities: IPv6 [false], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true].</pre> <p><br><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>4.URIEncoding</strong></span> <br>有时候在做开发的时候经常发现文本框输入的中文到了程序中成了乱码，其实是因为在端口监听部分缺少编码。 </p> <div class="dp-highlighter"> <div class="bar"> <div class="tools">Xml代码 <a title="复制代码" href="http://www.javaeye.com/topic/145770"><img src="http://www.javaeye.com/images/icon_copy.gif" alt="复制代码"></a> </div> </div> <ol class="dp-xml"> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">URIEncoding</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"UTF-8"</span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <pre class="xml" style="display: none;"> URIEncoding="UTF-8" </pre> <p><br>解决方法如下： <br>原始部分 <br>8080端口上</p> <div class="dp-highlighter"> <div class="bar"> <div class="tools">Xml代码 <a title="复制代码" href="http://www.javaeye.com/topic/145770"><img src="http://www.javaeye.com/images/icon_copy.gif" alt="复制代码"></a> </div> </div> <ol class="dp-xml"> <li> <strong><span style="color: #006699;"><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">Connector</span></span></strong><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">port</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"8080"</span></span><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">protocol</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"HTTP/1.1"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">connectionTimeout</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"20000"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">redirectPort</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"8443"</span></span><span class="tag"><strong><span style="color: #006699;">/></span></strong></span> </li> </ol> </div> <pre class="xml" style="display: none;"><Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /></pre> <p><br>修改后</p> <div class="dp-highlighter"> <div class="bar"> <div class="tools">Xml代码 <a title="复制代码" href="http://www.javaeye.com/topic/145770"><img src="http://www.javaeye.com/images/icon_copy.gif" alt="复制代码"></a> </div> </div> <ol class="dp-xml"> <li> <strong><span style="color: #006699;"><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">Connector</span></span></strong><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">port</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"8080"</span></span><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">protocol</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"HTTP/1.1"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">connectionTimeout</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"20000"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">redirectPort</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"8443"</span></span><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">URIEncoding</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"UTF-8"</span></span><span class="tag"><strong><span style="color: #006699;">/></span></strong></span> </li> </ol> </div> <pre class="xml" style="display: none;"><Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" /></pre> <p><br>8009端口 ajp跳转服务上，关于这个端口在apache http 做跳转时，要相当注意</p> <div class="dp-highlighter"> <div class="bar"> <div class="tools">Xml代码 <a title="复制代码" href="http://www.javaeye.com/topic/145770"><img src="http://www.javaeye.com/images/icon_copy.gif" alt="复制代码"></a> </div> </div> <ol class="dp-xml"> <li> <strong><span style="color: #006699;"><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">Connector</span></span></strong><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">port</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"8009"</span></span><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">protocol</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"AJP/1.3"</span></span><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">redirectPort</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"8443"</span></span><span class="tag"><strong><span style="color: #006699;">/></span></strong></span> </li> </ol> </div> <pre class="xml" style="display: none;"><Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /></pre> <p><br>修改后</p> <div class="dp-highlighter"> <div class="bar"> <div class="tools">Xml代码 <a title="复制代码" href="http://www.javaeye.com/topic/145770"><img src="http://www.javaeye.com/images/icon_copy.gif" alt="复制代码"></a> </div> </div> <ol class="dp-xml"> <li> <strong><span style="color: #006699;"><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">Connector</span></span></strong><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">port</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"8009"</span></span><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">protocol</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"AJP/1.3"</span></span><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">redirectPort</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"8443"</span></span><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">URIEncoding</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"UTF-8"</span></span><span class="tag"><strong><span style="color: #006699;">/></span></strong></span> </li> </ol> </div> <pre class="xml" style="display: none;"><Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" /></pre> <p><br>这样，服务器得到的中文字符就不会再有乱码了。 <br><br><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>5.设置Tomcat管理员账号</strong></span> </p> <p>修改tomcat-users.xml文件，在<strong></tomcat-users></strong>的标签前添加一行</p> <div class="dp-highlighter"> <div class="bar"> <div class="tools">Xml代码 <a title="复制代码" href="http://www.javaeye.com/topic/145770"><img src="http://www.javaeye.com/images/icon_copy.gif" alt="复制代码"></a> </div> </div> <ol class="dp-xml"> <li> <strong><span style="color: #006699;"><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">user</span></span></strong><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">username</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"tomcat"</span></span><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">password</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"tomcat"</span></span><span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">roles</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"admin,manager"</span></span><span class="tag"><strong><span style="color: #006699;">/></span></strong></span> </li> </ol> </div> <pre class="xml" style="display: none;"><user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="admin,manager"/></pre> <p>让tomcat用户拥有管理员权限。 <br><br><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>6.设置SSL</strong></span><br>首先，我们要创建密钥：</p> <div class="dp-highlighter"> <div class="bar"> <div class="tools">Shell代码 <a title="复制代码" href="http://www.javaeye.com/topic/145770"><img src="http://www.javaeye.com/images/icon_copy.gif" alt="复制代码"></a> </div> </div> <ol class="dp-default"> <li>keytool-genkey-aliastomcat-keyalgRSA</li> </ol> </div> <pre class="shell" style="display: none;">keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA</pre> <p><br>此时，用户主目录下会生成一个<strong>.keystore</strong>文件。 <br>然后，我们配置server.xml文件，找到SSLEnabled="true"所在的标签，将其解除注释，同时填补两个属性： <br> 1.keystoreFile="C:/Users/Zlex/.keystore" <br> 2.keystorePass="123456" <br>keystoreFile 指的是你的密钥文件存储的路径，keystorePass指的是你的密码。 <br>举例如下：</p> <div class="dp-highlighter"> <div class="bar"> <div class="tools">Xml代码 <a title="复制代码" href="http://www.javaeye.com/topic/145770"><img src="http://www.javaeye.com/images/icon_copy.gif" alt="复制代码"></a> </div> </div> <ol class="dp-xml"> <li><!-- </li> <li>DefineaSSLHTTP/1.1Connectoronport8443Thisconnectorusesthe </li> <li>JSSEconfiguration,whenusingAPR,theconnectorshouldbeusingthe </li> <li>OpenSSLstyleconfigurationdescribedintheAPRdocumentation </li> <li>--<span class="tag"><strong><span style="color: #006699;">></span></strong></span> </li> <li> <span class="comments"><span style="color: #008200;"><!----></span></span> </li> <li> <strong><span style="color: #006699;"><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">Connector</span></span></strong> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">SSLEnabled</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"true"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">clientAuth</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"false"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">keystoreFile</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"C:/Users/Zlex/.keystore"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">keystorePass</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"123456"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">maxThreads</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"150"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">port</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"8443"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">protocol</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"HTTP/1.1"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">scheme</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"https"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">secure</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"true"</span></span> </li> <li> <span class="attribute"><span style="color: #ff0000;">sslProtocol</span></span>=<span class="attribute-value"><span style="color: #0000ff;">"TLS"</span></span><span class="tag"><strong><span style="color: #006699;">/></span></strong></span> </li> </ol> </div> <pre class="xml" style="display: none;"> <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration described in the APR documentation --> <!-- --> <Connector SSLEnabled="true" clientAuth="false" keystoreFile="C:/Users/Zlex/.keystore" keystorePass="123456" maxThreads="150" port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" scheme="https" secure="true" sslProtocol="TLS" /> </pre> <p><br>最后，重启tomcat，在地址栏中访问 <a href="https://localhost:8443/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #006699;">https://localhost:8443/</span></a>。 <br>将上述<strong>port="8443"</strong>配置改为<strong>port="443"</strong>，可以通过<a href="https://localhost/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #006699;">https://localhost/</span></a>直接访问</p> <p><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>7.在一台机器上同时启动2个tomcat </strong></span></p> <p></p> <div class="cnt"> <p>1.特别要注意：不要设置CATALINA_HOME <br>2.分别修改安装目录下的conf子目录中的server.xml文件： <br>a.修改http访问端口（默认为8080端口），将8080修改为tomcat不在使用的端口号。此处所设的端口号即是以后访问web时所用的端口号。 <br>b.修改Shutdown端口（默认为8005端口），将8005修改为没有在使用的端口号，例如8055。 <br>c.修改8009端口，将8009修改为没有在使用的端口号，例如8099 <br>（注意：两个文件中对应的端口号要不一样） <br>3.依次启动两个tomcat。</p> <p>版本最好不要一样<br>也就是修改server.xml<br>把共用的端口分开就行了</p> </div> <p></p>转载地址：http://idaji.baihongyu.com/